Fluid power transmission



Dec. 30, 1952 s. MAYNER FLUID POWER TRANSMISSION r e n m Hwf m. E m E N N m n S w3 NM A .mw l E 2 R s Nm W S3 qw S. Rwn wMf m Q u I Vu T T e A m 4,. M s II I a 2 isi-; um E wm En s V.. f l m m5 n B S H hm mw l QQ\ I r @T W I NQ Y mm JH- QS .mm II QW MS n QQ- W m: NS wm um. I J I S om OEI" lf 5 4 w 8. l t. o O d e l .1 F

Dec. 30, 1952 s. MAYNER FLUID POWER TRANSMISSION 2 SHEETS--SHEET 2 Filed Oct. 18, 1945 NVENTR Stanley Mafner /w ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 30, 1952 FLUID rovvEn TRANSMISSION Stanley Mayner, Cleveland Heights, Ohio,V assignorI of two-fifths to Thomas S.` Mayner, Russel Township, Ohio Appiie'ation 'october 1s, 1945, serialNo. 622,966

This invention'relates to iluid transmissions, such as fluid torque converters.' I

The torque converter ofthe presentinvention advantageously utilizes the dynamic force' of a working fluid. This'force is flrst'substantia'lly fully utilized in the 4torque converter itself, that is, in the fluid working unit, giving a substantial reduction, and then may be further multiplied through an associated mechanicaltransmission in a manner so as to desirably increase the torque output ratio of the unit.` The iluid working por-` tion of the torque converter has an inherent reduction which may in instances be adequate, however, where torque ratios must bev high, a transmission means are provided to give substantially increased torque'ratiosl` I f f In the fluid transmissiontheres provided lan impeller that is adapted to varythe dynamic uid head in accordance with torque requirements. This advantageous feature permits a substantially greatertorque vratio range .than otherwise available. I' I Further, the present invention provides for a substantially smooth and. a uniform transition of the unit from a torque converter into a coupling, or vice versa, .the transitionv automatically occurring. There is also provided aA reverse drive. Another advantage ofthe` unit is` its` inherent ability to act as an absorption dynamometer to thereby exert a braking force on a prime mover.

Y 21 Claims. (Cl. I4- 677) These and other advantages will beapparent 'from .the following description andaccornpanying drawings, where:

Figure 1 is a substantial sectional elevation of the torque converter of the present invention;

Figure 2 represents a device which permits a limited lateral movement of one of the impeller sections of the converter;

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the angular movement of the device of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a section taken across line 4 4 and represents a type of unidirectional clutch utilized;

Figure 5 is a Substantial front elevation, in section, of the converter taken across line 5 5;

Figure 6 is a partial section of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a partial section of the converter :taken across line 1 1;

Figure 3 is a partial section of the converter taken across line 8 8;

Figure 9 is a partial section of Figure 8 taken means utilized .in this invention.

I 1 2 Y Referring to Figure 1 of the drawing, there is shown in substantialsection a fluid transmission having an input power shaft IIJ a portion of which is splined as at Il, and thereafter terminating in a butt section I2 having a decreased diameter. There is mounted on the splined section I I a substantially symmetrical impeller I4, 14a having substantially identical blades in two adjoining, separate fluid circuits.. The impeller I'll, Ma is positioned substantially intermediately Within a rotative housing member I6, Ilia` which also deiines a first driven member comprised of. a pluralityof uid receiving and reversing buckets I8, I8a. (see Figures. 8 and 9) which are adapted to receive the working fluid from the impellerld, Illa, and reverse its flow` substantially The driven member-i6, Ia `is of the timek shown and described inthe (so-pending application, Serial No. 454,639, led August 13, 1942, and which application has matured into Patent No. 2,432,115. The buckets` I8, Ia comprising the driven housing member I 6, Ilia and forming the housing periphery are positioned at a desirable fluid receiving angle which is substantially equivalent vto the tangential angle ofthe fluid leaving the. impeller blades at starting torques. A The driven member I6, 16a, because of the vreversing buckets I3, Ilia comprising it, is adapted to 'absorb the full dynamic force of the fluid acting on it and reverse the lluid with itsfor'ce substantally undiminished to further act upon subsequently positioned members Within the circuit that are adapted to receive it. The housing member IB, Ilia is enclosed by side members I'I,` Ila, thus forming a closed unit.

There are positioned within each circuit secondary members 2U, 20a adjacent the first driven members I8, I8a bucket outlets. Each of the secondary members 20, 20a constitutes a reaction member. In each fluid circuit then, therefis an impeller I4, I lla, a driven member I 8, |8a and a secondary member or reaction member 20, 20a, respectively. Each circuit is dened by the torus sides of each member which form an enclosed path for the moving fluid, the path being curved in a gentle fashion by the members construction. The rotating driven member I6, Ia which comprises the adjacent annular driven members I8, 8a and to which are attached end disc members Il, I'la is therethrough mounted for rotation on sleeve bearings 22, 23. The sleeve bearing22 is positioned on an inner sleeve 24 forming part of the secondary member 20 and which member is, in turn, mounted on a sleeve bearing 2-5 positioned on shaft IIL Likewise, on the other end of the converter, the housing sleeve bearing 28 is mounted on the secondary members sleeve extension 29 rotating on sleeve bearing 23 which is positioned on the stub end of the input shaft lil.

Suitable means for preventing the escape of the working fluid from within the converter are provided. Such means may comprise flared ends 3i of the housing member, as at the forward end, containing a suitable packing material 32. The escape of the working fluid through the other end of the converter may be similarly prevented as will be hereinafter explained.

Each secondary member 20, 20a, has mounted on its respective sleeve a unidirectional clutch of a suitable type. To the secondary member 2G and on its sleeve 2li there is mounted such a clutch as the one-way bearing clutch 313. As shown in Figures 1 and l0, on this clutch and forming a part thereof there is mounted a sleeve or cylinder 35 having an upwardly extended member 35. Member 3S at one end is adapted to receivea pin or stub shaft Sl. Pivoting on the pin 3l is one end 33 of a link member S9. The other end [it of link member 39 is pivoted on'a pin i2 mounted within end is of a cam member 45. Link member 39 is, further, arcuately indented in its body portion, as shown in Figure l0, to partially accommodate the periphery of the sleeve 35 when thrown over to a bearing position against sleeve 35. The cam member A5 is rotativeiy mounted on one end of a rod "i8 and abuts a supporting member e@ which is desirably fixed to some part of a support holding the converter unit. Rod @.5 is adapted to be moved only in its longitudinal direction, being held against rotation by means of a slot 5l and key 53 therein. The key may be held by member 49. Instead of a slot and key combination, splines may be utilized. There is further provided a complementary cam Eil also mounted on rod i8 frictionally bearing against the face of cam 45. The cam 56 is locked to rod i8 by means of a pin 52 extending through both the cam and the rod. Since cam 45 abuts the support member 49, any movement of link Si) will cause a movement of cam 45 and of rod 48 in a longitudinal direction through the complementary cam 5t.

Link 39 is moved, then, by the working fluid acting on the secondary member 2li which fluid force is transmitted to the link through the clutch 34. The operation of the described members is, thus, substantially dependent upon the secondary or reaction member 2i). Further, the secondary member or reaction member 2) controls the position of rod i8 which, in turn, operates the associated transmission. The member 26, due to being mounted on a unidirectional clutch, is also permitted to freely rotate or idle in the event of a negative fluid pressure, that is, when the driven member absorbs the full fluid force.

The secondary member 25a in the adjacent iiuid circuit is also attached to a unidirectional clutch 52 in somewhat the same manner as the secondary member 2U. The clutch 52 is mounted on the sleeve 29 of the secondary member 29a. On the clutch, which may be of the bearing type as shown in Figure 4, there is mounted a pinion gear 88 which is adapted to mesh with a planet gear of a gear cluster of the transmission unit that is attached to the rotating housing member It, ita. The transmission unit through gears 88 and 83 is adapted to hold the member as a reaction member when the unit is a torque converter and the clutch 52 serves as a means for making a firm connection of the transmission to the member c, in such event. The clutch also locks the member 20a to the output shaft of the unit when the shaft rotates faster than the input shaft, as will be hereinafter explained.

In view of the fact that the torque output is adapted to vary in accordance with the quantity and velocity of the working fluid ydelivered to the driven members, it is desirable to icontrol the mass or the velocity of the flowing iiuid in such a Way so as to substantially always provide a force on the driven members I6, Ia in accordance with load conditions over a substantial range. There is provided by this invention a control of the huid mass, also its velocity, and which control is the function of a, novel impeller.

The impeller lli, ma is an adjustable one, being adapted to vary the moment or lever arm of the fluid mass and thus the torques. The output blades ofthe impeller are desirably positioned in accordance with torque requirements as expressed by the applied force of the working iiuid against the impeller blades. The input blades are fixed and act as guide blades. Thus, when a high torque is called for due to a heavy load a greater mass of fluid is desirably transmitted but at a lesser radius of the impeller blades than for a low torque as when the unit is a coupling. By adjusting the length, then, of the output blades of the impeller, the mass, head or velocity of the nuid can be varied. Since the quantity iow of the Working fluid is greater at high torques than at low torques, the force applied to the driven member is greater. However, for increasing speed a lesser iiuid mass is required but the fluid velocity or head must be increased. Then by extending the impeller output blades, the mass is decreased while its head is increased and the nuid velocity is likewise increased. Such a control can be effective substantially throughout the torque range since a change in the output blade diameters effects a change in the moment arms to the driven members or in the lever arms and, therefore, in the torques.

The impellers I4, Illa of Figure l have entry or guide blades 5d, 54a which may be of the propeller type, although other types may be utilized, and adjustable duid output blades 55, 55a as shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7. The impeller outlet blades 55, 55a may be straight, as shown, or they may be desirably curved. Impeller I4 of the first fiuid circuitcomprises the entry blades 5s and adjustable exit blades 56. The entry blades are, in effect, divorced from the output blades. The impeller |13 is mounted on a sleeve 6d which is adapted to move within limits on a sleeve B which is splined with shaft Ill. The entry section 54 of the impeller i4 is then adapted to move angularly laterally but not the adjustable output blades 56, as will be hereinafter explained. The amount of movement of the impeller containing section 5d is determined by the angularity of a guideway 5l in the sleeve B within which a pin 62 moves, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Pin 62 is part of the sleeve 64 which is splined with the shaft it. The impeller lil, including section 5&3, will be positioned nearer the secondary member 2i) when the impeller is under load and away therefrom when it is under light load or no load. This is so in view of the rotation of the impeller by the shaft ill, which rotation is normally to the right when facing the prime mover which operates the converter. Thus, when a load is impressed on the impeller output blades 56, entry blades 54 will be caused to move slightly toward the secondary member 2D.

As stated hereinbefore, the impellers are enatleast?` shrouded in order to formfluid guide channels or paths. In addition to the path-formingshrouds or sides` 51, 51a, additional coverings or enclosures 58, 58a are providedto keep fluid frompossible pocketing under the buckets I8, i811. The covering further extends at the top to theV torusor shroud walls 51, 51a partially enclosing the out? put bladesl, 20a. l f

The section 54a of the impeller 14a of the adjacent circuit is not divided as impeller I4 and it is not so adapted to be moved.` The impeller I4a including entryA blades `54a and output blades 56a, is fixed against laterall or axial movement, being rigidly mounted on the sleeves 50 and 65a. The sleeve 60 is also interlocked "with sleeve 55 by means of complementary recesses 66 and projections Bland which recesses permit the longitudinal movement of the projections therein and of the impeller section including blades 5G.

- Substantially intermediate the splined sleeve B4 there extends radially lthereof anflange 1S. The flange may bean integral part of thesleeve G.` On each side of theflange 1B and between the impeller I4, Illa." sides there ,are positioned discs 13, 13a having guideways 14,1%, as `shown in Figures 5, Gand 7. Pins 1I, -1Ia which are attached to the movable Qutput` blades 56, 5ba, are adapted to move in the guidewaysuu, 14a. The guideways in the discs 1 3, 13dgare` cut in such manner vso as to make the blades movable 1thereby over predetermined load ranges applied to the movable blades.` A suflicient force acting on the movable blades will tend to mo-ve them in the direction of the force being applied, thus causing them to move in a substantially radial plane. In the illustration, the blades are forced 'to the left (the rotation being to the right); As the blades are forced to the left," they are simultaneously forced downwardly by the rotation of the discs 13, 13a.` This rotation is resisted by coiled compression springs 15, 15a having one set of ends iixed in the discs 13, 13a .andfthe other set of `ends in the splined sleeves 65, 55a. Thefyielding points of the springs are based on predetermined loads on the adjustable blades. r l' When lthe unit is not in operation or when it is a coupling, the adjustable bladesv 5t, 55a are normally fully extended inasmuch as they are under a partial load. When, however, a force is applied against them, the blades are forced back through the moving pins 1I, 1Ia in the guideways 1li, 14a whose angularity and the resiliency of the cornpression springs 15, 15a cause the discs 13, 13a to rotate and to thus draw the blades 55, 55a radially downwardly. Desirably, blades 55 are not retracted as rapidly as blades 58a inasmuch asv it is preferable that velocity of the duid in that circuit be immediately increased in ordery to actuate locking member 39, since -the increase in veloci-ty will cause member to 'become locked. When the adjustable blades 55 also are retracted, the impeller I4, Ilia is enabled to drive a greater volume of working fiuid into the driven members buckets I8, I8a. The outlet blades of the impeller I 4, I 4a by their readjustment of the length or their diameters in accordance with load will accordingly vary the volume and the head of the working uid. The movement of the adjustable blade sections 55, 56a may be desirably in guideways or slots cut through a portion of the entry blades and in the shroud forming the outer torus walls.

As hereinbefore stated, no portion of the impeller I4a of the adjacent circuit will move laterally for it is desirably fixed against such movement. However, the adjustable blades 5B'a'ar'e desirably Afirst more fully responsive to fluid pressureson them than theadjustable blades56inasmuchas the guidewaysA 14a in disc 13a will cause the adjustable blades to substantially im-` mediatelyretract to' increase the torque tothe output shaft. The guideways 14for the adjustable blades 56 will first describe 'an arc which has substantially the same radius for'its entire length. This arcuate guideway desirably slows they drop of the adjustable blades 56, whiclidelay permits a substantially immediate increase in the velocity of the iiuid in' this circuit andas a result a corresponding andimmediate locking ofthe member 2B. The locking of the secondary member 20 then effects a changelover of the unit from a coupling to a converter. The secondary member 20a, meanwhile, becomes substantially immediately locked ,to the transmission inasmuch as the` transmission is substantiallystationary. The memberwill rotateonly at the rate of rotanon of tne'trasmissien which locks it.` l f As stated, the increase invelocity of the' fluid in the rst fluid circuit will cause thesecondary member 2li4 to lock Aand thus to "become a reaction member, also to simultaneously causea change in th'ejselectio'n of'ngearingin the transmission dueto the change-,over from a coupling toa'co'nverter. The adjstablemblades y56 of fthe impeller 4` are withdrawnuntilthe'y reach a point dic-v tated 'by theimposed load. The secondary mefrnf` ber 2t' remains locked as initiallywill secondary member 20a until the transrnissionY attains subf stantially the speed of thefirstdriven member. rlhe impelle'rs of eachcircuit by decreasing their output blade diameters effect afmovement of a greater mass ofthe fluidv'vith less head and velocity immediately substantially increasing torque output. f 't The increase in velocityin the first' circuit is effected by maintaining the Youtput blades 56l in their extended 'position temporarily and "a decreased area through 'vvhich'the` fluid mustfmw to the drivenf member. `Theincreaseinthelead on the input shaft II] will cause the impeller section I 4, 4including the entry or `guide blades 54, to move towardthe secondary driven vmember 2,0. A similar decrease inthe load will, 'of course, force the impeller back t0 its rst position. The movement of the forward section 54 of the impeller I4, due to its being enshrouded by enclosure wall 58 will tend to open or make more narrow the fluid channel fro-m the impeller to the first driven member I6. The fluid channel formed by the inner and outer sides orenc-losing shroud members is constant; however, it is movable relative the bucket entrances. Then a movement laterally of the impeller will move the lluid channel relative the entrances to the reversing buckets of the driven member I6 effecting a change in the outlet openings of' the discharging impeller. However, this condition is temporary and the output blades are radially withdrawn, the impeller moving toward the secondary reaction member 2D. When the impeller is positioned nearer the secondary member, the impeller fluid channel outlets are fully open to the bucket inlets permitting a transmission of a maximum quantity of fiuid. Should the torque requirement decrease, the impeller will move back and outlets of the impeller will be diminished with the result that less fluid flows into the buckets but at increased velocities and heads.

There is no such movement of impeller Ilia in the adjacent circuit. There. the retractablel blades iaare only movable being responsive substantially immediately upon a change in load. By means, then, of the adjustable blades the torque can be varied for Vthe radius of the impeller can be varied. Thus, -the shorter the output blade diameter then the longer becomes the moment arm and therefore the lever arm, to the driven member, and therefore a corresponding increase in torque.

To `one end of the rotating primary member I6, Ilia there is aixed as by means of bolts 7l, the end plate lIla to which is attached a housing 'i8 accommodating a planetary gear system with a plurality of planetary gear clusters being usually employed. Gear cluster shafts E9 may be journaled at one end in a bearing in an eX- tended portion 80 of the housing 'I8 and the other end may be journaled in a boss 82 on the disc end plate Ila. A gear cluster may be desirably comprised of gears 83, ed, t5 and Se. Gear 33 will mesh with a sun gear Se which is mounted on and which forms a part of the one-way clutch 52'. Gear 82 will mesh with a sun gear 89 which is Xed on a power-transmitting shaft 92 that is juxtaposed and aligned with the power input shaft Iii. Planet gear 85 will mesh with sun gear 90 which is xedly mounted on a sleeve Sti. Planet gear 06 will mesh with sun gear 9| and is fixedly mounted1 on a sleeve Q5 which is adapted to rotate about a sleeve Sil. The other end of sleeve 94 carries a brake drum 5S. A brake drum 91 is fixed to the other end of sleeve S5. Cooperating with brake drums 96, 5'! are brake bands 90, 92, respectively.

The sleeves 94, 95 and the housing sleeve 93 are desirably flared at one of their ends so as to receive'a packing material 32 that is adapted to prevent the leakage of the lubricant from the housing` 78. The packing and a packing retaining means may be of any desirable type so long as they serve the purpose of an effective seal.

A suitable clutch such as a cone clutch Idil or any other type is slidably mounted for a limited lateral or axial movement on the power-transmitting shaft 92 and is adapted to rotate therewith. The contacting surface of the cone clutch bears against a cooperating receiving cone surface IDI which is mounted interiorly of the brake drum 96. The clutch |06 is adapted to be moved into and from its contacting position with surface |0| by means of a lever |03 pivoted at some position between its ends on a pin IM. The pin IM is positioned in a member |62 which may be rigidly fixed in any desirable manner to the frame work. The lever |03 has at the shaft end a yoke |05 which ts about the cone clutch sleeve |06 on the shaft 92. The yoke bears against a bearing |01 and nut` |28 turned against the bear-ing. The cone clutch |06 is backed by a compression spring |09 which bears against the nutl |08 and a collar I I0 held on the shaft 92 by means` 0f a setscrew I Il threaded through the collar and forced to bear against the shaft. Thus, a movement of the arm or lever |03 against the spring |09 will release the cone clutch |00 from its locking or contacting position with face |0|. Normally, the compression spring |09 continually maintains the cooperating parts of the cone clutch in full contact.

The other end of lever |93 carries two pins H2, H3. Pin H3 serves as a connecting and pivoting point for a rod H4. Rod H4 is pivotally held at its other end by a pin I I5. The pin I5 is positioned in a brake member I I6. The rod H4 has slots or elongated eyes H'I, H8, and

H9. Pin H3 is in `slot and pin H5 is in slot H9. Slot H8 Vis substantially adjacent slot H7. In the slot H8 are two pins |2| and |22.

The pins |2I and |22 are positioned in pivoted members |39 and |25, respectively, which members are adapted to lock or unlock the braking devices 96 and 91. Member |24 operates a camming device relative to member |30 which actuates the braking of band 58 while member |25 ope-rates the band brake 9e. Further, brake member I6 is connected by means of a link |26 to bell crank or foot pedal |21 which also actuates the braking device |28 adapted to hold the housing It, 16a from rotation. The means utilized to close or open the braking device |28 may be of any type of locking and unlocking device, as its only requirement is to lock and unlock the surface of the particular member upon which it acts.

The braking device Sii, however, operates only when the unit is in a neutral position, that is, only when it is disconnected from the output shaft 92, otherwise, it is desirable to move the cam members without affecting a locking of the drum 95. There is, therefore, mounted 0n members |2f3 and |35 a pair of opposing cams |3|, |32 having such cooperating surfaces, as shown in Figure 1l, which will lock drum 95, permit either one of the two cam surfaces to continue its movement relative the other cam surface and permit the members to be moved without affecting their relative positions. In neutral the band dil is kept Iopen since thek cams do not effect a locking of band 98, and the clutch E00 is out of contact with cooperating surface I0 i Also, band le is kept open. The unit then is adapted to rotate independently of the output shaft.

The cams ISI, |32 are shown in Figure 11. When either member |24 or |38 is actuated, as by rod 43 or rods I4, |48, and the other member being held one of the cams, depending upon their relative positions, will move over` the face of the other and close or maintain open the band brake 9S about brake drum S5. Or, the members may be moved together without effecting any relative motion. The movement of the cams is resisted by a spring |34 which abuts washer |33 backed by a pin |35. For example, for the neutral position the hand lever I si! is moved, moving members H4 and |30 which latter is adapted to be moved relative the member |25 yet not lock the brake band SS. Neither is brake band Si) disturbed. For a reverse rotation of the output shaft, foot lever |5| is depressed and both mem bers |24 and |30 are moved thus also not disturbing the cam positions inasmuch as band 93 is to be maintained in an open position, however, band 99 is closed. When the unit is a torque converter, then rod 48 aotuates member |24 while member |30 is held causing a locking of the drum 05.

The member |30, which carries cam |32 operating relative to cam |3|, is actuated by means of pin I2! in the slot H8 of the rod H13 which is connected to the foot pedal |27. The hand control comprises a hand lever |/2i0 pivoting on pin |4I in a xed support |22. A link |i3 connects the hand lever |40 through pin Ille and to rod H4 by means of pin |45. The hand lever may be desirably held in its pulled or set position bysome locking devicer as a ratchet. It, of course, must be held in order to determine the position of cam |32 on member |30, and to prevent any change in position of the rod 48 and the members depending upon it for positioning. Rod IM transmitting shaft 92.

can also be moved by` means `of, the brake foot pedal |27 as well as by the Vhand lever |40 only, however, for the lapplication of service` brakes, when it is also desirable to disconnect the unit from the output shaft.`

f Brake arm member |25 which` operates the s braking band 9,9 of drum 91 is actuated by means of rod |40, linking the member |25 to a second foot control pedal or the "reverse pedal by means of pins |49 and |50 located at each end ofthe member |48. i e

RodA 43 is adapted to be movedlongitudinally by the actuation of the cams 45, 50' mounted'on 4one of its ends. `Therod is pivotally Aconnected by a pin |'|2 at its other end'tot'he cone'c'lutch "operating lever |03. The` rod 48`has` a slot |35 vthrouglrwhich the pin' |2 passes.

y Somewhat in advance of theslotfl, thefrod 48 carries a `pin |39 adapted'to actuate at certain Vtimes the "member |274 which carries camII and'therethrough operating brake band 98 in the manner `hereinbefore described. "Thus, a movement of rod 40 will also lock or unlock brakedrum 95 and withdraw the clutch member |00 from itsholdingr position. Since,jas has been" hereinbefore explained, the movement'of rod 48"is subjectto a force applied tothe secondarymember 20, the

operation of thef` brake'ban'df is; then, re-

sponsiveto the position ofthesecondary member as when it isa reactionmember, as well as `theoperati'onA ofthe cone clutch member" |00. `With littleor noforce acting on the `secondary member 20, the cone clutch member |00 will remain closed unless the 'footer hand controls are Under normal conditions with the converter acting as a coupling, brakelband's, 99 will remain open while the-cone clutch willbe closed.

`With the clutch 00 in a closed position, sun'gear @t on sleeve 94 is adapted'to rotate `with the Also, since sun gearvBQ is mounted on the shaft 92 there occurs a locking action of the gear clusters to the transmitting shaft 92. Thus, the transmitting shaft 92'becomes vdirecly driven by the driven member I8, 58a. Under .such direct drive? conditions, Vsun gear 0| also rotates with the shaft sinceit is free to do so not being held by the band 9S. :Sun gear 88, in suchcircumstances, merely oatssince it forms part, of theunidirectional clutch- 52. Y,

Bytheway of an example, uponstartingor when an increasedload is;,placed on the converter herein described, the impeller i4, |4c` of each circuit iscaused to4 revolve with an increasing angular Velocity and decreasing the diameter of its output bladesto effect a greater fiow of the working fluid through the reversing buckets i8, Ita' forming the driven member |6,||ia.A `As a result of the increased load'on the converter, the impeller'se'ction 54 of the first circuit moves toward the locked secondary or reaction member 20, the movement being limited by the guideway 6| in the impeller sleeve |30.4 `Bue to the increased impeller rotation, the fluid velocity is increased and substantially simultaneously 4the secondary member assumes a position as a reaction member, andthe retractable blades 55 start moving first arcuately then downward to Vthe core ofthe impeller. VTheretractable blades locked secondary members 20, 20a,

The secondarymemberw, upon locking, causes a movement of cam 50and therethrough of rod `48. Rod 48, in turn, moves lever |03 which disengages the Vcone clutch member |05.- Sinfultaneously, cam member |24 is moved` locking drum S6 against rotation. It will be `noted that pin |I3 will merely move in the slot so no movement of the rod 4 occurs. Then with drum 96 being held, the planetary lsystem is caused to revolve "about the sun gear f90. The rotational motion of the system vis then transmitted to the driven shaft 92 through sun gear 89 which is keyed to the shaft 92. The diameters of. these gears desirably vary in order to give a required reduction ratio. During the load period, as has been hereinbefore described, the

impeller blades Sdof the secondarycircuit are first retracted and initially increase the volume of the fluid inthat circuit. While in the first circuit, it is desirable to have a velocity increase so that an immediate pressure can be applied onto the secondary member to effect a change in When the loadis overcome, the secondary members or reaction members' 20,2011 are :celeased to becomefreeto assume a following position [of the rst drivenl member VI6, Ita. The release of the'secondary member 20 causesrod 48, lever |03 to move back to their normal `positions because ofthe expansion of the compressed spring |09. The locked `drum 96 is also released as well asthe clutch member l0 which goes into a locking position with Vthe surface of the receivingcone 0 L. AAs a result of the changes in position of the yabove elements, sunV gear 9 which is mounted on the sleeve 94 becomes locked directly to the driven shaft 92 throughjthe cone clutch. A r y s s s s i Ihe planetary system also becomes lockeduin a driving relation through the sun gears 09 90 with driving shaft 92. Planet gear 83 which `meshes with the clutch mounted gear 88 will freely rotateand gear 86 which meshes with sun gear 9| will freely rotate sleeve 95 and the unlocked drum .91.l The converter will then become a coupling sincevthere is no further demand for torque reductions and, as a result, a direct drive of shaft 592 occurs. The housing or drivenmember |6, 16a rotation during such times will approximate the rotation of the driven shaft. It will be noted that .both members 20 and 20a are utilized as reactionmembers. During` dynamic braking, secondary member 20serves`es- Asentially as a reaction member while member 20a is utilized as an impeller. vThe member 20a is brought into action as anirnpellerywhen thefrotationof the driven shaft 92 becomes greater than the rotation ofthe converter. At ysuch times, then, the unit may be utilized for dynamically brakingthe prime mover.

s To dynamically brake the prime mover, the ,driven member |G|6a is held fast so that the full reversing effect is had on the driven member and therethrough on the prime mover. s The ro,- tatinghousll,r I6, I Ga is held by depressing the foot lever |27 Vsufficiently to close Athe braking band |28 on the braking surfacekon the .housing but not settingthe service brakes actuated. by rod |55. AThe output shaft 02 through` the sun gears EQ, 90 and throughisun gear 80 which `is mounted lon the one-way,- clutch .drives the aezaeov 11 secondary member 28a. Sun gear 88 because of the greater shaft rotation becomes locked on the clutch 52 locking sleeve 29 to which the member- 29a is attached, thus driving member 25a. Member a, in turn, effects a reversal of the working fluid through the held driven member ld against the'impeller Illa. The reaction member 2! also becomes locked and desirably remains so during the braking interval to maintain full cooperation between the output shaft and the prime mover. The Working fluid is thus directed by the held driven member against the more slowly rotating` impeller blades and through the .impeller against the prime mover tothus slow it down. Since the housing I6, |5a is held, the driven shaft 92 drives the secondary member VZta through the planet gears for the planet gear housing 'i8 itself is held, being attached to the driven member. Also, all other braking members are properly maintained open when the foot pedal |21 is actuated. Such dynamic braking is advantageous in that it is self-operating, and that it utilizes only the Working fluid as a speed-restraining means on the prime mover.

This invention also advantageously provides for reversing the rotation of the driven shaft 92. This is accomplished by holding brake drum el to which is attached the sleeve 95 mounting sun gear 94. The planet gear cluster, as before, rotates in the same direction but due to the differencesiin diameters` of planet gearst and Se, shaft 92 is caused to rotate in the reverse direction.

To eect the .reversal -of Arotation of the shaft 92, foot pedal |5| is depressedcausing link or rod |48 to move ina forward direction moving brake member |25, and also positioning member |30 vhaving cam |32 preventing the locking of .drum'95. When member |25 moves, it also pulls forward'member |30'which-is positioned so that `drum 96 iskept from being locked and also lpulls vunit-@amor course, be entirely disconnected from the output'shaft Vbyfully depressing foot lever |2Y'i,and therethrough setting the service brakes through member |55. Torplace Athe vehicle containing theconverter into neutrahthe hand lever |40 is pulled, in turn'pulling rod |43 which actu- 4ates member |36 and therethrough members de- "pendentupon it,releasing drum'flt` and the cone clutch, thus freeing the apparatus `from. the output'shaft.

The apparatus for transmission of torque as described herein -comprises two fluid working chambers. Two chambers aredesirable in order thata sufciency of Working fluid may be had for vall torqueratios and when theapparatus assumes VaV coupling status. Further, as has been shown, the second circuit provides for dynamic braking. Each circuit under certain conditions, then, 'has Va separate 'function to perform and under others bothcircuts must be combined. Thus, Vfor Vforward and reverse movement both circuits are utilized, the first circuit controlling thevassociated transmission while the second circuit provides vforlanadditonal vreaction of the fluid; and for high speeds the necessary uid volume is provided'to avoid any substantial slippage when the unit is a coupling. The second circuit could feasibly be omitted for forward motion, however, the over-all perfor-mance may suf'- fer as a result of its omission. However, for dynamic braking the secondary or reaction member of the second circuit is converted into an impeller and the secondary member ofthe first circuit becomes a reaction member, thus the secondary circuit then becomes a necessary adjunct to the first circuit.

I claim:

l. A fluid transmission of the character described having a power input andan output shaft comprising, a fluid impeller, a primary fluid driven member, a secondary fluid actuated niember adapted to be held against rotation when a fluid force created by said impeiler is applied thereto, means for holding said secondary ber, planet gears of a planetarygear syst tached to said primary driven member, sun for said planet gears, a torque transmitting shaft adapted to be driven by said sun gears, means responsive to a movement of said secondary member adapted to hold o neof said sun gears to provide reaction for the planet gears which are adapted to drive said torquetransmitting shaft.

2. A fluid transmission of the character described having a 4power input and an output shaft comprising, a fluid circuit, a fluid impeller in said circuit adapted to vary the fluid head withinsaid transmission in accordance with ,torque requirements, a rotatable housing .member .defining an annular iluid drivenfmemberadapted to receive and reverse Vtheiluidfof said circuit, a reaction member in said circuit, means for looking said reaction member when a fluid force is applied thereto, planet gears of a planetary system attached to said rotatable driven housing member, sun gears for said planet gears, a torque transmitting shaft'adaptedA vto be driven by said sun gears, and means responsive to a reverse Inovement of said reaction member adapted to hold one `of said sun gearsto drivesaid torquetransmittingshaft by saidrotatable housing member and said planet gears.

3. A fluid transmission of the character described having a vpower. input and an output shaft comprising, a fluid .impeller adapted to vary the fluid .head in said transmission in accordance with torque requirements, means for driving said impeller, arotatable housingmember defining an annular driven member comprised of a plurality of circumferentially substantially inwardly facing Ysuperposed Vfluid reversing passages, a reaction member, means responsive to force on said reaction member adapted to hold said reaction member against rotation, planet gears c f varying diameter rotatably attached to said rotatableV housing member, complementary lvarying diameter sun gears for said planet gears, one of A'said sun'gears being fixed to said output shaft and the Y'remaining sun gears being rotatably positioned about the output shaft, and means 'forholding said rotatably positioned sun gears to provide reaction for the planet gears which drive the jfixed sun gear on said output shaft.

4. A torque converter utilizing a uid as a working medium comprising, atleast two iiuid Working circuits, a fluidjimpeller having. movable output blades rin each circuit adapted to vary the fluid head in each of said circuitsvby radially moving itsV output blades, said blades4V being in retracted .position when ,under increased torque requirements and in extended position when under decreased'torque requirementameans for drivmg'said impellers, a rotatable member definingan annular fluid driven member for each of said circuits comprised of anannularly adjacent plurality `ofcircumferentially inwardly facing superimposed rluid receiving and reversing pas-'- sages, secondary members in each of said circuits "and means for holding said secondary members as `reaction members. said holding means being a unidirectional brake.`

5. A torque converter comprising at least two iuid working circuits, a iiuid impeller inleach circuitadapted to vary the fluid head therein, said impellershaving adjustable output blades, means responsive to uid reaction on said impellers being adapted to'position said adjustable blades, said means comprising `rotating discs having angular guideways, pins on fsaid adjustable blades positionedin said guidewaysand adapted'to beV moved when said discs rotate, a resilient means for resisting the'rotation of said discs, guidevvays said impellers for said adjustable blades,` means'foraxiallymoving one of saidimpellersl to adjust the'iiuid fiow path of its circuit when said impeller outputbladesv are adjusted, a rotatable member 'actuated by said working fluid defining joinedv adjacent annular `huid drivenmembers comprised of `a-plurality of circumferentially inwardly facing superposed fiuid'receiving'and reversing passages, secondary members, said secondary'members being adapted to act as'reaction members, unidirectional locking means'attached tofone of said secondary members, said locking means being responsive to fluidl pressures onlsaid secondary member,

, planetary gears rotatably `attached "to said rosaid outputshaft tosaid third sun gear, a` fourth r sun gear for Aeffecting reverse rotation of said output shaftv and meansgfor holding the third andfourthsun gears from` rotation. i

6. A torque converter comprising at least two uid Working ycircuits `and having a powerinput and anputputshaft, a iiuid impeller ingeach circuit, `a .driven memberdefining at least `tvvo annular` driven` members, `one for eachvofwsaid circuits, la Asecondary member in reach circuit, one of said secondary members being oppositely rotating relative 4to said driven member, sleeves attached to said secondary members, unidirectional means attachedI to said sleeves vfor holding said. secondarymembers `fr om rotation, means ,cooperating with one of i said unidirectional means being v adapted to hold said secondary membenasua .reaction .member, Va, sunugear mounted, onthe. other of said unidirectional means, ,planet gears rotatably attached to said driven,members in meshing relationyvith saidV sun sean and said planet gearsbybeing attached to said driven member areA adapted to,hold said other` secondary member as a reaction member as. longas, there exists a `differeifitialinthe Speed of` rotation between, the` driven `member and the planet sears.

2 A7,. Af iiuidftransmission having va power input ,andjanoutput shaft, comprising: a fiuid'impeller f 14 quirementsaprimary driven member comprising a plurality of circumferentially positioned inwardly-'facing lfluid reversing passages, a sec- 8. '-A `iiuidV transmission having a power input and an output shaft comprising: a fluid impeller adapted Vtovary the head of a working fluid in facco'rdance with torque requirements "driven by saidinput shaft, a rotatable housing member defining an annular` fluidf driven primary Arotor comprised of l i a plurality of circumferentially superposed Asubstantiallyinwardly facing f-uid receiving andreversing passages positioned at a receiving anglefsubstantially equivalent to the tangential iiow of `fluid from the impeller; a reversely' movable Vreaction member positioned adjacent thefprimary rotorlreceiving the reversed uidtfroml said primary 1 rotor, holding-means for said reaction member; torque transmitting means rotatablyattached to said rotatable housing, drivingly joined complementary elements to said torquetransmitting means'for driving the iiuidy transmission output shaft,-means for holding at least one of said` drivinglyjoined-comple- `mentary elements `to -providevreactionfor the torque transmitting means, and means `responsive to a reversing movement of the reaction member control-ling saidholdingvmeans adapted to `drivingly vconnect the complementary elements to said youtput shaft;-1 L A 9. `A torque converter comprising, arotatable housingl enclosing two `fiuid circuits, Aa primary drivenmemberin each of said fluid circuitsin said housing :and rotating therewith, vfluid impellersA in said housing for-actuating said driven members, secondarymembers in'said housingb'emgadapted to act as'` reaction members, a power input'shaft forl driving said impellers',`fan output shaft,` aqtransmission comprising a planetary .gear system, oneofsaid secondary members being joined `withsaid transmission through a uni- `Vdirectional holding meansplanetl-gears of said planetary system attached to said driven member for rotation therewith, sungears ofsaid planetary system positioned about sai`d output shaft, 'one of vsaidsungears being fixedH to said output shaft and anotheriof said sun? gears being'- mounted about said unidirectional holding means "of'sa'i'd `secondary reaction member,` means for .holding said primary driven members from rotation; and

said held primary drivenymember's becoming reaction rmembers 4when said output' shaft rotates 'at a` greaterratethanlsaid impellers, said unidirectional means joiningsaid reaction member to said transmission driving said secondary fre- `action member reverselythrough said transmissionfreve'rsing thedirec'tion f flowof the-'fiuid against saidimpellers. i

. input. shaft, two fluid circuits, each iiuidcircuit positioned in aiiuid circuit adapted to"n vary (the l headbf'the fluidinv accordance with torque rehaving an impeller driven by said power vinput shaft, a" `common driven *member 'having "fixed thereto a `rotor irl-each of said nuidcircuts, a

secondfuis actuatedmeinberin .each 1f-Segler: cuits, Sadfsecondznuid actuatedmcmbers ,being adaptedto act iasreaction members, a transmission ,attached 1 togsaid common driven member, a clutch', anoutput shaft, meansu responsive to a movementof one of said reaction `melbrs when said reaction member is subjected to fluidreac.- tion being adapted tol join` said transmission through said clutch toV said'output shaft, said reaction member movement responsivemeansbeing operative whenV torque output is vrequired, and means for connectingsaidother of `said reaction members to Saidtransmission, said vmeans being responsive to an voverrunning of said output strait, said second` reaction member being idle during torque Outputancl beinsicined t Seid transmission during overrunningof said output shaft.

l1;v A fluidpower transmission comprising, a powerY input shaft,` two Afluid g circuits, Aeach 3 fluid circuit `having van impeller, adrivenmember, and

a 'second fluid actuated member, saidj driven members forming a, common. driving. unit.Y said impellersbeing xed to said inputshaft so that both are simultaneouslydriven, atransmission attached to'said common driven unit, an output shaft, said outputlshafti being drivenV by. said transmission, meansfor providingreaction for said transmission,A and means responsive` to the movement of one ofsaid reaction members` in a direction reverse to said ldriven unit controlling said'reaction providing means.

12; A Vfluid working apparatus for transmitting torque comprising, aV fluid circuit, a fluid impeller inr said circuit mountedabout ashaft for rotation, therewithhaving; axially movable iluid inputblades Vandzradially adjustable output blades, means, responsive to the reaction of the circuit fluid konthe said impeller movable inlet andv output bladesadaptedto move said blades, ailrst driven rotatable member in .said circuitbeing actuated by the fluid from said impeller, a second rotatable member in said fluid ,circuit adapted to receive the fluid'fromsaidfirst driven rotatable member then redirecting said fluid` to;said input portion of saidimpeller, saidimpeller input;blades..being` axially movable in said ,fluid circuit toward ,the outlet section `of saidsecond member and saidfoutput bladesv being radially-,adjustably ,withdrawn from Y a normal extended'` position toward vthe axis of` rotation by said means when said simpellerinput,and output blades are subjctedto thereactive force ofthe circuitflud.

13; A lfluid Working apparatus for transmitting torque comprising,` atleast two fluid circuits, a fluid impeller in one ,ofy said circuits having'axially movable intake bladesand radially `adjustable output blades, means responsiveto `thereaction of the circuit'fluid on the/said-impeller input andoutput blades adapted to movebsaid blades, an impeller in said other fluid circuit havingflxed input blades andfradially-adjustable output blades, means responsive tothe ,reaction of `the fluidoisaidother circuit on the said output blades adapted to move said. bladesmmeans for limiting the axial movement of said -first impeller intakeblades,meansfor lirnting-the movement of the output--bladesof both said impellers, first driven members in said circuits receiving. the fluid from said, impellers, and reaction members in said circuits being responsive to the reaction of the fluid discharged from said first drivenmembers.

MHAv torque converter utilizing a iluid asv a working, medium: .comprsinefa fluid impeller haying mevableoutput'blades adapted to vary i 16 the fluid head-,in said converter byradially adjusting its Output blades,` in accordance with torque requirements, said blades'beingfl in retractedposition When runder,increasedtorque. requirements and in .extended position When under decreased torque requirements, meansfor drivingV said impeller, arotor actuated by said working fluid defining an annular fluid driven member comprised of a plurality,ofcircumferentially superposed substantially inwardly facing fluid receiving and reversing passages, a reaction member, means responsive to pressure of the Working fluid applied-on said-reactionmember adapted to lock saidrreactionmemberagainst rotation, a plurality of planet gears mounted on a shaft rotatably attached to said rotor, sun gears for said planet gears, a-torqueitransmtting shaft adapted to be driven by-said `sun gears, `sleeves about said torquetransmitting shaft for mounting said sun gears, holding means for at least one of said sleeves and means vresponsive to the action of the reaction member lockingnieans controlling said holding means and atleast `one sun gear against rotation to'provide reaction for at least one of the planet gears.

l5.r A torque converter having at leasttwo fluid working circuits comprising, a fluid impeller in each of said circuits adapted to Avary the fluid head therein, each of said impellers having adjustable output blades and one of saidimpellers having an adjustable fluid inlet portion, means responsive to the varying fluid reaction in each circuit positioningsaid adjustable outlet blades, means responsive to varying iluid reaction in one of said circuits for moving the fluid inlet portion of one of said impellers axiallyrin the fluid flow path of its circuit, a rotatable member comprising joined spaced rotors each positioned in a fluid circuit, said rotors being formed of a plurality of circumferentially spaced inwardly facing fluid receiving passages having inlets and outletspositioned in lines substantially parallel to theaxis of rotation of the spacedrotors, secondary members in said fluid circuits positioned adjacent the passage outlets of saidrotors, and means for'holding said secondary members as reaction members.

16. In a fluid transmission having an impeller and at least one driven` member, a fluid circuit, said fluid impeller in said fluid circuit having movable inlet and outlet blades, said impeller inlet blades being automatically axially movable, and said outlet blades being automatically radially extensible varying the diameter of the impeller, means responsive to. thereactive forces of the transmission fluid on the input Aand outlet blades of the impellerV adapted to move said blades.

17..A torque converter-utilizing a fluid as a working medium comprising, a uid impeller having movable output blades adaptedto vary the fluid head in the converter in accordance with torque. requirements, said fluid head being varied by radially moving the output blades, theoutput bladesbeing in retracted position when under reversing passages, a reaction member, meansfor Y locking said reaction member against rotation, a. plurality4 of `'planet gears, of a vplanetary system mounted on a shaft rotatably attached to said housing number, sun gears for said planet gears, a torque transmitting shaft mounting one of said sun gears, sleeves about said shaft mounting the other of said sun gears, means on said sleeves adapted to prevent their rotation, cooperating holding means for holding said means on the sleeves, and means actuated by said reaction member controlling said holding means.

18. A torque converter utilizing a fluid as a Working medium comprising, a fluid impeller adapted to vary the fluid head in the converter in accordance with torque requirements, said fluid head being varied by radially moving the output blades, the output blades being in retracted position when under increased torque requirements and in extended position when under decreased torque requirements, means for driving said impeller, a rotatable member actuated by said working fluid defining an annular fluid driven member comprising a plurality of circumferentially substantially inwardly facing superposed fluid receiving and reversing passages, a reaction member, means for` locking said reaction member, a plurality of planet gears of a planetary system mounted on a shaft rotatably attached to said rotatable member, sun gears for said planet gears, a torque transmitting shaft mounting one of said sun gears, sleeves about said shaft mounting the other of said sun gears, means on said sleeves adapted to prevent their rotation, holding means for said sleeve means adapted to selectively hold said sleeves, and said selective holding means being actuated by said reaction member.

19. A torque converter utilizing a fluid as a working medium comprising, a fluid impeller adapted to vary the fluid head in the converter in accordance with torque requirements, said fluid head varied by radially moving the output blades, the output blades being in retracted position when under increased torque requirements and in extended position when under decreased torque requirements, means for driving said impeller. a rotatable member actuated by said working fluid defining an annular fluid driven member comprising a plurality of circumferentially substantially inwardly facing superposed fluid receiving and reversing passages, a reaction member, means for locking said reaction member, a transmission, a plurality of planet gears of a planetary system in said transmission being mounted on a shaft rotatably attached to said rotatable member, sun gears for said planet gears, a torque transmitting shaft mounting one of said sun gears, sleeves about said shaft mounting the other of said sun gears, holding means for said sleeves adapted to prevent their rotation, means cooperating with said holding means for selectively controlling said holding means, said selective means being responsive to the fluid reaction on said reaction member or to manual control, a clutching device adapted to connect said transmitting shaft with said planetary system, said clutching device cooperating with said selective means.

20. A fluid transmission comprising, a power input shaft, an output shaft, spaced impellers fixed to said input shaft positioned in adjacent separate fluid circuits, spaced primary driven members in said fluid circuit each being positioned adjacent said impellers and both being joined to form a unitary combined driven member, a first and second reaction member in each fluid circuit adjacent said primary driven members each being independently actuated, a planetary system attached to said unitary combined driven member, said planetary system having a planet gear cluster of gears of varying diameters, complementary meshing sun gears of varying diameters, one of said sun gears being fixed to said output shaft and two other sun gears being mounted on separate sleeves positioned about said output shaft, one of said sun gears being fixed to one of said sleeves, a unidirectional brake joining a fourth sun gear to said second reaction member, a unidirectional brake about one of said sleeves having mounted thereon one of said sleeve mounted sun gears, a. holding means for said other sleeve having a fixed sun gear, said holding means having a clutch for connecting said other sleeve to the output shaft. means responsive to movement of the first reaction member in a reverse direction to the primary driven members controlling the said sleeve fielding means, and the clutch being adapted to join the said sleeve to the output shaft, a second holding means for said second sleeve, said second holding means upon actuation making said rst holding means inoperative and locking said unidirectional mounted sun gear to said. second sleeve to drive said shaft mounted sun gear, and said shaft mounted sun gear when rotating at a greater rate than its complementary planet gear locking said unidirectional brake connecting the second reaction member to the said fourth sun gear to drive said second reaction member.

21. A fluid transmission comprising, a fluid impeller, a fluid driven member, a reaction member positioned adjacent to said driven member and being actuable by the fluid leaving said driven member, and said impeller having movable inlet blades and radially adjustable outlet blades, said inlet blades being movable axially toward the reaction member and the said outlet blades being movable radially to the axis of the impellervarying the diameter thereof, the movement of the said inlet blades and the outlet blades of said impeller being automatic in accordance with fluid reactive forces.

STANLEY MAYNER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,900,120 Lysholm Mar. 7, 1933 1,940,918 Petroni et al. Dec. 26, 1933 2,078,597 Beaumont Apr. 27, 1937 2,145,006 Fichtner Jan. 24, 1939 2,190,830 Dodge Feb. 20, 1940 2,291,120 Tipton July 28, 1942 2,292,482 Roche Aug. 11, 1942 2,317,498 Tipton Apr. 27, 1943` 2,351,516 Jandasek June 13, 1944 2,393,859 Jandasek Jan. 29, 1946 2,440,445 Jandasek Apr. 27, 1948 

